Sources and References

The main scientific reference for wild plants of Saudi Arabia: names, descriptions and distribution.

An illustrated guide to the wild flowers of Saudi Arabia.

To check correct scientific names, families and native ranges.

For records of where species grow in Saudi Arabia and the world.

For native plants used in planting programs and fighting desertification.

For farm crops in Saudi Arabia and farming guidance.

For planting and harvest times of crops.

For ornamental, herb and indoor plant information.

For garden plant care information.

To check plants that are poisonous to children and pets.

To check invasive plants and their harm.

For the listing of knowledge and practices of growing Khawlani coffee (2022).

Sources of photos under free licenses, with a link to each photo source on the plant page.

For the conservation status of wild plants on NBAT.

For linking each species to its Arabic name and its photo on Wikimedia Commons.

For plant summaries on wild plant pages, and as a source for NBAT AI when a plant is not on the website.

Used by NBAT AI only for "how" and "why" questions that our pages do not answer. Its text is always labelled as AI-generated.

The open scientific model the plant camera uses to recognize plants from photos, inside your device.

For identifying common garden pests and diseases and their safe control methods on the Pests and Diseases page.